The harsh Alberta winters have always required residents to find effective ways to keep warm. When European settlers arrived in the province, they were often unprepared for the severe climate. In the 20th century, advanced winter clothing like high-quality down jackets and thermal wear wasn’t yet available. So, how did people stay warm? Find out more on сalgarynka.
Wool and Layers
The key to staying warm was layering. Alberta residents dressed in multiple layers to trap the body heat naturally emitted. On a typical day, men and women wore at least three base layers, topped with outerwear.
Men’s basic clothing included underwear, pants, woolen socks, and shirts, while women wore silk or woolen stockings, corsets, dresses, and petticoats.
Underwear was typically made of wool, cotton, or linen. According to Heritage Park costume designer Meg Furlier, who studied anthropology and material culture, one thing stands out in photographs from the time: the abundance of wool.
In the early 20th century, clothing was mostly handmade from locally spun wool. Natural wool provided excellent insulation, making it ideal for cold winters. It allowed the skin to breathe, absorbed moisture, and resisted dirt and odor. This breathable material wicked moisture away from the skin, keeping the body dry and warm. Cotton was less common for base layers as it took longer to dry, leaving the body feeling colder.
Interestingly, the 1930s Great Depression era was marked by the repurposing of old winter clothes. Adult clothing was refashioned for children, and men’s suits were transformed into stylish women’s wear.
The Fur Era
Fur was a staple in every Albertan’s winter wardrobe during the 20th century, regardless of economic status, as there were options for every budget.
Furs were categorized by quality, with mink symbolizing status and buffalo fur being one of the most affordable and warmest options.
Even as synthetic fibers became available, fur remained a cornerstone of warm winter clothing. However, the rise of animal rights activism in the 1980s led to a decline in fur’s popularity.
Clothing was fastened with buttons, hooks, loops, or simple ties. Metal zippers were popular but prone to breaking, so they were often reserved for children’s or workwear. For women, wearing a zipper was considered indecent since it allowed for quicker removal of clothing.
Essential accessories like gloves, scarves, and winter hats were crucial to prevent frostbite and windburn.
Leather Boots with Rubber Soles
Footwear was also essential. Winter boots were crafted from leather, often with rubber soles and sometimes treated with oil for waterproofing. Rubber soles were particularly popular because of their excellent grip, which reduced the risk of slipping during snowy or rainy conditions.
Functionality Meets Fashion
Albertans prioritized warmth and comfort while staying fashionable. Dressing appropriately was the best way to enjoy winter, especially in a northern country like Canada.
Photos courtesy of Glenbow Archives.